必修四
第1单元
重点词汇
1.achieve 获得；实现；达到预期的目的
achieve an aim / goal达到目标
achieve success 获得成功
辨析：achieve，reach，gain
achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。
gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。
*He hopes to achieve all his aims soon
*You can achieve your ambition if you work hard.
*If you do one thing each day, you will reach your goal.
*But the determination to reach this goal carried me and my partners through the difficult times.
*This should help you gain trust.
*We can gain some insight from that.
achievement n.[c]成就，功绩
*He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.
*Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.
2.condition
表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”；conditions（复数）指一般情况，环境。
*I starve for your help in such a condition.
*You worry about her condition.
*I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.
*We should make decisions in accordance with specific conditions. 与condition相关的词组：
in good/poor condition 状况好/不好
out of condition 状况不好
on condition that 在……条件下，假使
on no condition 决不
3.connection 连接，关系
in connection with 与……有关
* Police said later that they'd arrested one person in connection with the shootings.
4.behave 举止，举动，行为表现
behave oneself 表现良好，行为良好
* Honesty is the foundation to behave oneself and start one's career. behave as 起……作用，表现为……
* Others are finding that black holes might not behave as we thought.
5.worthwhile 值得做的，值得出力的
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth
*It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.*It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again.
辨析：Worth、worthy、worthwhile
（1）worth 通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语； worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。
*It isn’t worth the trouble.
*He is a worthy gentleman.
*His behavior is worthy of great praise.
*They achieved a very worthwhile result.
*We had a long wait， but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
（2）worth 习惯上不用 very 修饰（要表示类似意思可用 well），而 worthy 和 worthwhile 则可以用副词 very 修饰。
*That is very worthy of our attention.
*Nursing is a very worthwhile career.
但习惯上不说：The work is very worth doing. （very 应改为 well）
（3）搭配习惯不同
be worth + n./doing
*The picture is worth $500.
*The clock is hardly worth repairing. (主动形式表示被动)
be worthy of + n./doing
Be worthy to do sth
*Their efforts are worthy of your support.
*This suggestion is worthy of being considered.*This suggestion is worthy to be considered.
Be worthwhile doing/to do sth
6.respect
作动词，后直接跟宾语。
*I want him to respect me as a career woman.
作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。
*If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them. 表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。
*Carl had asked him to visit the hospital and to pay his respects to Francis.
与respect相关的短语：
respect oneself 自重，自尊
have/show respect for 对……尊重/尊敬
have respect to 注意，考虑
in respect of sth 就某方面而言。
with respect to 涉及，关于。
7.argue 争论，辩论
argue with sb（about/for…） （为/关于……）和某人辩论
*If one person argues with another, they speak angrily to each other about something that they disagree about.
*Don't argue with me.
argue for/against… 辩论赞成……/反对……*If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to
persuade people that it is right.
*If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order
to persuade people that it is wrong
与argue相关的词组：
argue back 反驳
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
8.inspire 鼓舞，激发
inspire sb（to do sth） 赋予某人灵感，启迪
*His spirit will carry on, and it will inspire all of us to achieve more.
inspire sb（with sth）/inspire sth in sb 激励/鼓励某人的……
*A sincere compliment can inspire someone with courage.
Inspired：有创造力的，有雄心壮志的，受灵感启示的
Inspiring：鼓舞人心的，使人感兴趣的
9.support 支撑，扶持，养活 作可数名词，表示“支撑物，支持的人/物，赡养者，赞助金”。
作不可数名词，表示“支持，养家，赡养”。
与support相关的词组：
come to one’s support 来支持某人
in support 后备的，准备给予支援的
in support of 支持，证明
10.look down on/upon 蔑视，瞧不起近义：look one’s nose at……
*I wasn't successful, so they looked down on me.
与look有关的短语：
look for寻找，期待
look forward to doing盼望做某事
look on…as把……看作
look out朝外看，当心，注意，查出
look through浏览，仔细查看，审核
look up查看，抬头看
look after照顾
look back on/to sth 追思，回顾
look in（on sb）顺便访问
look into sth调查
look over sth 检阅，检查
look to注意
look sb up and down上下打量某人
11.explain
作及物动词，表示“解释，说明”，常接名词，代词，从句作宾语。 *How do you explain this phenomenon.
*I didn't quite follow;could you explain it again?
*I want to explain what happened.
若表示“向某人解释某事”，应说explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。*If he were here I could explain to him myself.
*Need I explain it to/for you?
explain oneself 为自己的行为辩解
12.strike
表示“打，击，敲”。
*The clock struck nine.
表示“通过摩擦产生（火花，光亮）。
*The little girl strikes a match.
表示“打动，引起，迷住，罢工”。
*They shouldn't be striking for more money.
表示“打”时，常套用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表示身体某一部位的名词”句型中。
*He strike me in my face.
与strike相关的词组：
strike to向……打去。
strike for/against为争取/反对……而罢工。
srike sb down把某人打到，使某人丧命。
strike on sth意为获得/发现某事。
strike home击中要害。
13.consideration 考虑，体谅
take sth into consideration 考虑某事，体谅某事
leave sth out of consideration 忽略某事，不重视某事in consideration of sth 作为对……的回报，考虑到
*In consideration of your extensive experience in the field， we are glad to appoint you as our agent.
*Safe driving is good driving because it takes into consideration the lives of other people.
*Taking everything into consideration,the event was a great success.
14.deliver 递送，释放，发表（演说）
deliver a baby 接生
deliver on sth 不负重望，履行诺言
*Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves!
*You expect me to deliver on my promises, and my performance should be measured.
15.devote
devote…to(doing) sth. 献身于……，to是介词
*How many hours a month do you and your team devote to the project? *How many hours a month do you and your team devote to preparing the project?
Be devoted to 专心致志于
*I am devoted to my homework.
devote oneself to 献身于，致力于，专心于
*She devoted herself to her career.形容词devoted表示“忠实的，热爱的，全心全意的”。
be devoted to sb/sth 对某人/某物忠实（热爱，全心全意） *They are devoted to their children.
Useful expressions
human beings 人类
move off 离开，启程，出发
lead a…life 过着……的生活
crowd in 涌上心头，涌入脑海
look down on/ upon 蔑视，瞧不起
refer to 查阅，参考，谈到 (其中，to为介词)
by chance 碰巧，凑巧
come across 偶遇，碰见
carry on 继续，坚持
carry out 实行，执行，完成
be dressed in 穿着…
dress as 打扮成…
fight for 为….而战
fight against 与…战斗
put to death判死刑
concern oneself with…关注… 注意…
intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事in the shade of 在…的树荫下，在…的庇护下 gain doctor’s degree 获得博士学位 be considered as 被看做….
take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事 do research on… 做…方面的研究
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着
by now 直到现在
