Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission( 录取)to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital, she also set up the firs t medical school for women.
1. Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?
A. She couldn’t get admitted to medical school.
B. She decided to further her edu cation in Paris.
C. A serious eye problem stopped her.
D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States.
2. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming for a doctor?
A. She was a woman. B. She wrote too many letters.
C. She couldn’t graduate from medical school. D. She couldn’t set up her hospital.
3. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of
her hospital?
A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years
4. According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell, except that she ______.
A. became the first woman physician.
B. was the first woman doctor
C. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children
D. set up the first medical school for women
B
Today most Chinese teenagers are happy to be favored by two parents and four grandparents in their families. But have you ever thought about how to take care of four to twelve old people when you grow up and get married? This could be a problem for most Chinese youths as China is entering a new stage of an aging society.
An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60. By the end of 2007, Chinese over 60 years old have made up 11.7 percent of the nation’s total population. “China is getting old before becoming rich,” said Cai Chuang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society. This will lead to weaker economic growth, because of a lack of labor resources.
As a result of the family planning policy, it is expected that the country's total working population will decrease after 2015.
China is not the only country getting old. More than 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior citizen.
However, experts said that China doesn't have a highly developed social security network to support the old. Social security is an insurance program protecting those in need, including the old, the disabled and others.
5. An aging society is a society that ___________.
A. less than 10% of its population is over 60 B. 10% or more of its population is over 60
C. there are four old people in a family D. most of its population is over 60
6. If China enters an aging society, ___________.
A. there will not be enough labor resources
B. the family planning policy will be ended
C. everyone needs to take care of four to twelve o ld people
D. China will have a highly developed social security network
7. The passage mainly talks about ___________.
A. an aging society B. Chinese social problems
C. family planning policy D. aging problem in ChinaC
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(缺乏). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs .
Thinking ab out the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks(滴水) in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
8. Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?
A. Using river water. B. Throwing batteries away.
C. Paving parking lots. D. Throwing rubbish into lakes.
9. What can be inferred from the text?
A. All water shortages are due to human behavior.
B. It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.
C. There is much we can do to reduce family size.
D. The average family in America makes proper use of water.
10. The last paragraph is intended to ________________.
A. show us how to fix leaks at home B. tell us how to run a dishwasher
C. prove what drinking glass is best for us D. suggest what we do to save water at home
11. The text is mainly about _________________.
A. how human activity affects our water supply
B. how much we depend on water to live
C. why droughts occur more in dry climates
D. why paving roads reduces our water
D
Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words, and we are often ab le to know where most words come from.
Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers(汉堡包) are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham(火腿)? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They did not speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round pieces o f beef, they asked the Germans what it was. The Germans did not understand the question and answered, “We come from Hamburg.” One of the se Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round pieces of beef like those which the men from Hamburg ate. Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them. Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”. Today “hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world.
Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting. too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary.
12. Hamburg is_____________.
A. a kind of food B. a round piece of beef C. the name of a village D. a city in Germany
13. According to the story, ________________.
A. few Americans like hamburgers
B. hamburgers are only made with beef
C. hamburgers are made with ham
D. hamburgers were first sold about a century ago
14. According to the writer, which of the following can often be found in any large English dictionary?
A. Where all the new words come from
B. Where those Germans came from
C. The reason why a word has a certain meaning
D. The reason why English is spoken around the world
15. According to the story, the word “hamburger” comes from_________________.
A. China because it has a long history
B. England because Germans don’t speak good English
C. the round pieces of beef which those people from Hamburg were eating
D. English speakers because they always create new words
第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
As we all know, friendship is of great importance in our daily life. A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness. But how to make friends is still difficult to some of us. 16
1. Be friendly to others. 17 You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be. Think more of others than of yourself and never judge a person by his appearance and clothes.
2. Be reliable. If you and your friend agree to meet somewhere, don’t be late. If you’re not going to make it on time or mak e it at all, call them as soon as you realize it. 18 Be someone that people know they can depend on.
3. 19 Listen carefully to what people say, remember important details about them (their names, their likes and dislikes), ask questions about their interests, and just take the time to le arn more about them.
4. Encourage your friends: A true friend always gives courage to his friends. 20 Never make fun of or laugh at your friends in front of others. You should come to support them.
A. Be a good listener.
B. When you say you’ll do something, do it.
C. A friend to all is a friend to none.
D. The following information can give you some tips:
E. And never leave your friend when he is in trouble.
F. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return.
G. He will remain with them in both good as well as bad times.
