运用的基本结构可以分为五个类型。
1、 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）
列如：She is a student （身份） He has become an engineer
It tastes sweet They are in the classroom
动词是系动词，其后的表语表示主语的身份，特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少，最常用的是be的各种变化形式，系动词，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等
2、 主语+动词（S+V）
列如：water flows He is reading
She has arrived They will come Mary cried
例如：They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK
3、主语+动词+宾语（S+V+O）
例如：Tom speaks English He bought a jacket
They have finished the job Rose is reading a book
及物动词，其后必须跟一个宾语
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3、 主语+动词+宾语+宾语（S+V+O+O）
例如：Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story
Give us a ring when you arrive at the college
The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up
直接宾语是动作承受者或结果，间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的
4、 主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)
例如：We elected him chairman We should keep the classroom clean
I want her to come She had a new dress made、
She heared him singing 宾语和补语在逻辑上是主与表或者主与谓的关系。也就是说补语表示宾语的特征，身份，状态，或是宾语的行为动作。如果这一结构的句子变为被动句，那么原来的宾语变成了主语，后面的补语便是主语的补语
：We found him（reading in the library）（括号内表示宾语的补语）
所有者成分都是必不可少的，缺少任何一个成分都会破坏句子结构的完整性。句子结构中的基本成分包括主语、动词、表语、宾语、和补语、英语句子中还有起修饰作用的定语和状语，以及起解释说明作用的同位语。下面括号部分即为定语、状语和同位语。
例如：She is a good student
They will come soon
Mr Brown，Tom's father ，is an engineer
因此，英语的句子成分主语有主语，动词，表语，宾语，补语，定语，状语和同位语。问题：名词作表语和名词作单宾之间的区别？名词作宾语补足语和名词作直接宾语的差别？
分析下列各句属于哪种基本结构，并划出各个句子成分。
1、I saw Jane in the reading room
2、Production grows rapidly
3、They treated me as their own son
4、His classmates made him their monitor
5、Victor passed Robert the ball
6、You did not need to arrive so early
7、The children ran merrily after him
8、It is getting dark
9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help
10、Circumstances do not permit me to leave
11、The population of city rose by 20 percent
12、She had a new dress made
13、Her face turned red at his words
14、The old professor lectures twice a week
15、Tom become a good student at last
16、I want that blue skirt ,the one on the left
17、They will have a meeting in room 205
18、Her parents bought her a new radio
19、She told us a lot of interesting stories
20、The food smells nice
