搭建linux+nginx+mysql+php环境_Nginx教程_服务器_系统运维

说明：

操作系统：CentOS 5.6 32位

准备篇：

一、配置好IP、DNS 、网关，确保使用远程连接工具能够连接服务器

二、配置防火墙，开启80端口、3306端口

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT #允许80端口通过防火墙

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT #允许3306端口通过防火墙

特别提示：很多网友把这两条规则添加到防火墙配置的最后一行，导致防火墙启动失败，正确的应该是添加到默认的22端口这条规则的下面

添加好之后防火墙规则如下所示：

#########################################################

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall

# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.

*filter

:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]

:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

#########################################################

/etc/init.d/iptables restart #最后重启防火墙使配置生效

三、关闭SELINUX

vi /etc/selinux/config

#SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉

#SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉

SELINUX=disabled #增加

:wq 保存，关闭

shutdown -r now #重启系统

四、系统约定

软件源代码包存放位置：/usr/local/src

源码包编译安装位置：/usr/local/软件名字

五、软件包

nginx-1.2.2.tar.gz，mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz，php-5.3.5.tar.gz，libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

安装：

安装mysql

groupadd mysql #添加mysql组

useradd -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false #创建用户mysql并加入到mysql组，不允许mysql用户直接登录系统

mkdir -p /data/mysql #创建MySQL数据库存放目录

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql #设置MySQL数据库目录权限

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql #创建MySQL安装目录

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz #解压

cd mysql-5.5.25a

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc #配置

make #编译

make install #安装

cd /usr/local/mysql

cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf #拷贝配置文件（注意：如果/etc目录下面默认有一个my.cnf，直接覆盖即可）

vi /etc/my.cnf #编辑配置文件,在 [mysqld] 部分增加下面一行

datadir = /data/mysql #添加MySQL数据库路径

:wq! #保存退出

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql #生成mysql系统数据库

cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把Mysql加入系统启动

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加执行权限

chkconfig mysqld on #加入开机启动

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #编辑

basedir = /usr/local/mysql #MySQL程序安装路径

datadir = /data/mysql #MySQl数据库存放目录

service mysqld start #启动

vi /etc/profile #把mysql服务加入系统环境变量：在最后添加下面这一行

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

:wq! #保存退出

下面这两行把myslq的库文件链接到系统默认的位置，这样你在编译类似PHP等软件时可以不用指定mysql的库文件地址。

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql

shutdown -r now #需要重启系统，等待系统重新启动之后继续在终端命令行下面操作

mysql_secure_installation #设置Mysql密码

根据提示按Y 回车

然后输入2次密码

继续按Y 回车，直到设置完成

或者直接修改密码/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456" #修改密码

service mysqld restart #重启

到此，mysql安装完成！

安装pcre

cd /usr/local/src

mkdir /usr/local/pcre #创建安装目录

tar zxvf pcre-8.31.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.31

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre #配置

make

make install

安装 nginx

cd /usr/local/src

groupadd www #添加www组

useradd -g www www -s /bin/false #创建nginx运行账户www并加入到www组，不允许www用户直接登录系统

tar zxvf nginx-1.2.2.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.2.2

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.31

注意:--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.31指向的是源码包解压的路径，而不是安装的路径，否则会报错

make

make install

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动nginx

设置nginx开启启动

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #编辑启动文件添加下面内容

=======================================================

#!/bin/bash

# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server

# it is v.0.0.2 version.

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.

# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.

# processname: nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

RETVAL=0

prog="nginx"

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0

# Start nginx daemons functions.

start() {

if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then

echo "nginx already running...."

exit 1

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

return $RETVAL

}

# Stop nginx daemons functions.

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc $nginxd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`

killproc $nginxd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

status)

status $prog

RETVAL=$?

;;

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"

exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

:wq! #保存退出

chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #赋予文件执行权限

chkconfig nginx on #设置开机启动

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重启

service nginx restart

=======================================================

安装libmcrypt

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz #解压

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 #进入目录

./configure #配置

make #编译

make install #安装

=======================================================

安装php

cd /usr/local/src

tar -zvxf php-5.3.5.tar.gz

cd php-5.3.5

mkdir -p /usr/local/php5 #建立php安装目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-gd --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl #配置

make #编译

make install #安装

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini #复制php配置文件到安装目录

rm -rf /etc/php.ini #删除系统自带配置文件

ln -s /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini #添加软链接

cp /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷贝模板文件为php-fpm配置文件

vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf #编辑

user = www #设置php-fpm运行账号为www

group = www #设置php-fpm运行组为www

pid = run/php-fpm.pid #取消前面的分号

设置 php-fpm开机启动

cp /usr/local/src/php-5.3.5/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #拷贝php-fpm到启动目录

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #添加执行权限

chkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机启动

vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini #编辑配置文件

找到：disable_functions =

修改为：

disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdnsrr,getservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_error,posix_getcwd, posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid, posix_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid, posix_getppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_getpwuid, posix_getrlimit, posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty, posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid, posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname

=======================================================

配置nginx支持php

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑配置文件,需做如下修改

user www www; #首行user去掉注释,修改Nginx运行组为www www；必须与/usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf中的user,group配置相同，否则php运行出错

location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

#取消FastCGI server部分location的注释,并要注意fastcgi_param行的参数,改为$document_root$fastcgi_script_name,或者使用绝对路径

/etc/init.d/nginx restart #重启nginx

测试篇

cd /usr/local/nginx/html/ #进入nginx默认网站根目录

rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/* #删除默认测试页

vi index.php #编辑

<?php

phpinfo();

:wq! #保存退出

chown www.www /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录所有者

chmod 700 /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录权限

shutdown -r now #重启系统