【Azure 应用服务】PHP应用部署在App Service for Linux环境中，上传文件大于1MB时，遇见了413 Request Entity Too Large 错误的解决方法_PHP教程_编程语言

问题描述

在PHP项目部署在App Service后，上传文件如果大于1MB就会遇见 413 Request Entity Too Large 的问题。

问题解决

目前这个问题，首先需要分析应用所在的环境。在App Service for Linux环境中，为PHP提供的运行时当前只有PHP 8.0, 并且 PHP 8.0 中使用的Nginx作为代理服务器。然后请求才会传递到PHP应用中。

基于以上分析，在PHP应用中，会收到Nginx 和PHP双重限制。所以传递文件的限制问题设计到两个方面：

一：Nginx 服务器对上传文件大小的限制。（默认限制为 1 MB，需通过 client_max_body_size 参数修改大小）

二：PHP 对上传文件文件大小的限制。（默认限制为 2MB，可以通过 upload_max_filesize 和 post_max_size 修改大小）

所以，本文主要介绍，如何在App Service For Linux环境中，修改Nginx对文件大小的限制和PHP文件大小的限制。

第一部分：修改 Nginx client_max_body_size

第一步：进入App Service SSH 页面，寻找Nginx的default文件，路径为( /etc/nginx/sites-available/default)，通过CAT查看默认的内容。

上图中执行的指令有：

cd ..

cd etc/nginx/sites-availabled

ls

cat default

第二步：复制default的内容到本地自己的PHP项目文件中，添加client_max_body_size后，随项目文件一起部署到 /home/site/wwwroot/目录下

(PS: 目录可以自定义修改，但必须注意，如果项目部署的根目录不在wwwroot中，必须同步修改 nginx 的 default配置文件，避免应用报错找不到源文件）

default的默认内容为

server {
    #proxy_cache cache;
        #proxy_cache_valid 200 1s;
    listen 8080;
    listen [::]:8080;
    root /home/site/wwwroot;
    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    server_name  example.com www.example.com; 

    location / {            
        index  index.php index.html index.htm hostingstart.html;
    }

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /html/;
    }
    
    # Disable .git directory
    location ~ /\.git {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }

    # Add locations of phpmyadmin here.
    location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(|/.*)$;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout         300; 
        fastcgi_send_timeout           3600; 
        fastcgi_read_timeout           3600;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
    }
}

需要在其中添加 client_max_body_size ，比如这里设置为10m （不要写成 10MB，并且结尾要带上分号；)

server {
    #proxy_cache cache;
    #proxy_cache_valid 200 1s;
    listen 8080;
    listen [::]:8080;
    root /home/site/wwwroot;
    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    server_name  lbphplinuxtest01.chinacloudsites.cn;
    client_max_body_size 10m;

   location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$query_string;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm hostingstart.html;
    }

   # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /html/;
    }
    
    # Disable .git directory
    location ~ /\.git {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }

   # Add locations of phpmyadmin here.
    location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(|/.*)$;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout         300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout           3600;
        fastcgi_read_timeout           3600;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
    }
}

第三步：PHP应用文件部署后，可以也SSH中通过cp 命令把修改后的default文件复制到 nginx sites-available default目录下，并且重启Nginx服务（service nginx restart)。此步为临时性有效。

此步执行的命令为

##复制 default 到nginx sites-available目录中
cp /home/site/wwwroot/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

##重新加载 nginx 服务
service nginx reload

如果通过SSH直接在应用的容器中执行以上命令，当App Service站点重启，应用重新部署时，以上修改都会丢失，Nginx配置会恢复默认。所以需要下一步永久性操作。

PS: 修改完成后，可以通过 Nginx -T 来查看Nginx所使用的配置参数。以及可以在 /var/log/nginx中查看error.log日志

root@49eebca54055:~# nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
        worker_connections 10068;
        multi_accept on;
}

http {

        ##
        # Basic Settings
        ##

        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
        # server_tokens off;

        # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
        # server_name_in_redirect off;

        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;

        ##
        # SSL Settings
        ##

        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

        ##
        # Logging Settings
        ##

        access_log off;
        error_log /dev/stderr;

        ##
        # Gzip Settings
        ##

        gzip on;

        # gzip_vary on;
        # gzip_proxied any;
        # gzip_comp_level 6;
        # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
        # gzip_http_version 1.1;
        # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

        ##
        # Virtual Host Configs
        ##

        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
        include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#       # See sample authentication script at:
#       # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#       # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#       # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#       # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:110;
#               protocol   pop3;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
# 
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:143;
#               protocol   imap;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#}

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-auth-pam.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_auth_pam_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-dav-ext.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_dav_ext_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-echo.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_echo_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-geoip.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-image-filter.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-subs-filter.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_subs_filter_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-upstream-fair.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_upstream_fair_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-xslt-filter.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-mail.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_mail_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-stream.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_stream_module.so;

# configuration file /etc/nginx/mime.types:

types {
    text/html                             html htm shtml;
    text/css                              css;
    text/xml                              xml;
    image/gif                             gif;
    image/jpeg                            jpeg jpg;
    application/javascript                js;
    application/atom+xml                  atom;
    application/rss+xml                   rss;

    text/mathml                           mml;
    text/plain                            txt;
    text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor      jad;
    text/vnd.wap.wml                      wml;
    text/x-component                      htc;

    image/png                             png;
    image/tiff                            tif tiff;
    image/vnd.wap.wbmp                    wbmp;
    image/x-icon                          ico;
    image/x-jng                           jng;
    image/x-ms-bmp                        bmp;
    image/svg+xml                         svg svgz;
    image/webp                            webp;

    application/font-woff                 woff;
    application/java-archive              jar war ear;
    application/json                      json;
    application/mac-binhex40              hqx;
    application/msword                    doc;
    application/pdf                       pdf;
    application/postscript                ps eps ai;
    application/rtf                       rtf;
    application/vnd.apple.mpegurl         m3u8;
    application/vnd.ms-excel              xls;
    application/vnd.ms-fontobject         eot;
    application/vnd.ms-powerpoint         ppt;
    application/vnd.wap.wmlc              wmlc;
    application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml  kml;
    application/vnd.google-earth.kmz      kmz;
    application/x-7z-compressed           7z;
    application/x-cocoa                   cco;
    application/x-java-archive-diff       jardiff;
    application/x-java-jnlp-file          jnlp;
    application/x-makeself                run;
    application/x-perl                    pl pm;
    application/x-pilot                   prc pdb;
    application/x-rar-compressed          rar;
    application/x-redhat-package-manager  rpm;
    application/x-sea                     sea;
    application/x-shockwave-flash         swf;
    application/x-stuffit                 sit;
    application/x-tcl                     tcl tk;
    application/x-x509-ca-cert            der pem crt;
    application/x-xpinstall               xpi;
    application/xhtml+xml                 xhtml;
    application/xspf+xml                  xspf;
    application/zip                       zip;

    application/octet-stream              bin exe dll;
    application/octet-stream              deb;
    application/octet-stream              dmg;
    application/octet-stream              iso img;
    application/octet-stream              msi msp msm;

    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document    docx;
    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet          xlsx;
    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation  pptx;

    audio/midi                            mid midi kar;
    audio/mpeg                            mp3;
    audio/ogg                             ogg;
    audio/x-m4a                           m4a;
    audio/x-realaudio                     ra;

    video/3gpp                            3gpp 3gp;
    video/mp2t                            ts;
    video/mp4                             mp4;
    video/mpeg                            mpeg mpg;
    video/quicktime                       mov;
    video/webm                            webm;
    video/x-flv                           flv;
    video/x-m4v                           m4v;
    video/x-mng                           mng;
    video/x-ms-asf                        asx asf;
    video/x-ms-wmv                        wmv;
    video/x-msvideo                       avi;
}

# configuration file /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:
server {
    #proxy_cache cache;
    #proxy_cache_valid 200 1s;
    listen 8080;
    listen [::]:8080;
    root /home/site/wwwroot;
    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    server_name  lbphplinuxtest01.chinacloudsites.cn;
    client_max_body_size 10m;


   location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$query_string;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm hostingstart.html;
    }



   # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /html/;
    }
    
    # Disable .git directory
    location ~ /\.git {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }



   # Add locations of phpmyadmin here.
    location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(|/.*)$;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout         300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout           3600;
        fastcgi_read_timeout           3600;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
    }
}
# configuration file /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params:

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_SCHEME     $scheme;
fastcgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

root@49eebca54055:~#

View Code

第四步：把第三步的 cp 命令和 restart命令设置在 App Service的启动命令中，以便长久有效。如果启动命令中内容过多，可以把全部内容写入到一个脚本文件中(如 startscript.sh)，并随项目文件一起放置。然后把文件全路径填入启动命令中。

把第三步的两句命令用分号(;)连接在一起设置在Startup Command中，操作如下图：

cp /home/site/wwwroot/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default; service nginx reload

1）在App Service的目录页面中，点击Configuration目录进入Configuration页面

2）选择General Settings选项卡

3）在Startup Command中添加 cp和restart命令

4）点击保存按钮。应用会自动重启并运行命令

注意：当以上操作完成后，Nginx上传文件默认1MB 的限制就变为了 10MB，但是因为PHP的限制还没有修改，所以当在应用中上传文件大于2MB时候，依旧会收到 413 或者 404 错误。只是，此时错误的根源为PHP限制。

第二部分：修改PHP upload_max_filesize 和 post_max_size

第一步：在项目文件根目录中创建 extensions.ini 的文件，并在其中设置 upload_max_filesize 和 post_max_size 值为50M。然后把修改后的文件一起部署到 wwwroot中

或者也可以直接在 SSH中通过命令创建 extensions.ini 文件和内容

cd site
mkdir ini
cd ini
echo "upload_max_filesize=50M"  >> extensions.ini 
echo "post_max_size=50M"  >> extensions.ini 
cat extensions.ini
ls

第二步：回到Azure App Service 门户页面，在Application Setting中添加 PHP_INI_SCAN_DIR 参数，指定它的值为 /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d:/home/site/ini 或者 /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d:/home/site/wwwroot/ini

PS: 前一段 /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d 路径固定，为PHP Runtime加载配置配置文件的路径，而一部分 /home/site/ini 则需要根据第一步extensions.ini文件的路径而改变

第三步: 通过phpinfo()函数验证修改后的参数

在info.php文件中写入 <?php phpinfo(); ，然后通过url访问 https://<sitename>.chinacloudsites.cn/info.php

 echo "<?php phpinfo();" >> info.php

附录：PHP上传文件的可用代码

W3School PHP File Upload ： https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_file_upload.asp

PHPFileUpload : https://github.com/zgcwkjOpenProject/PHPFileUpload

参考资料

NGINX Rewrite Rules for Azure App Service Linux PHP 8.x：https://azureossd.github.io/2021/09/02/php-8-rewrite-rule/index.html

Azure App Service Linux - Update PHP Settings：https://azureossd.github.io/2019/01/29/azure-app-service-linux-update-php-settings/

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